Veterinarians examine, diagnose and treat animals. They can perform surgeries, care for wounds, vaccinate against diseases and prescribe medications. In worst-case scenarios, vets are also qualified to euthanize sick or dying animals.

Some of the biggest changes Dr. Lorin D. Warnick, dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine at Cornell University, has seen over the course of his career are people’s attitudes toward their pets. "Many more people view animals as family members," he says. And that means their expectation for the quality of pet care is much higher now as well.

Technology in the field has also evolved, Warnick says. Vets are now using everything from advanced surgical technologies to fight cancer to MRIs to care for animal health. Genomics are also being used to test for specific genetic traits.

But a veterinarian’s work doesn’t stop with dogs and cats. Some vets specialize in caring for farm animals, and some even protect the safety of the food supply by inspecting livestock. Others promote public health by fighting animal-borne diseases and help foster healthier relationships between people and their animal companions.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects 19.7% employment growth for veterinarians between 2022 and 2032. In that period, an estimated 17,700 jobs should open up.

Those with a background in the sciences and experience working with animals will have a strong foundation. Here’s how to launch a career in veterinary medicine:

1. Earn a bachelor’s degree. Although a bachelor’s degree isn’t a requirement for getting into a doctor of veterinary medicine – or DVM – program, most candidates have one. And because veterinary medicine is very competitive, it’s important to have a solid science background, excellent undergraduate grades and good study habits.
2. Work with animals. Applicants with experience will stand out to veterinary programs. This could include working with animals in an animal shelter or in a veterinary clinic.
3. Attend veterinary school. Accredited DVM programs usually take about four years to complete, with the final year reserved for clinical rotations.
4. Get licensed. All states and the District of Columbia require that vets be licensed. Potential veterinarians can get their license by graduating from an accredited program and passing the North American Veterinary Licensing Examination. States might also require them to sit for an additional state exam.

"The financial return is relatively low when compared to the time and cost of education," Warnick says. He recommends that prospective veterinary school students take a close look at their finances and minimize student debt as much as possible.